Recently, I wrote:
Banker's Corner: If Big Banks Raise Fees, Bank Elsewhere: Rep. Frank
A reader sent the following email:
J.D.,
In the eighties, I was a very happy Security Pacific customer, and decided to stay with them when they merged with B of A. I never loved B of A, but they're okay, have decent customer service, convenient ATMs. I've considered switching, but hesitate because of a subject I admit I'm not well educated about: Are smaller banks more or less vulnerable to a renewed mortgage crisis? Do banks mark their mortgages to market or myth? If real estate reaches Critical Mass, what happens to banks? How much bad paper are they holding, and who is most exposed?
My bottom line has been: if there's a banking crisis, for any reason, B of A would probably be considered too big to fail, too important not to bail.
"The Safety of Your Bank" could be an interesting topic for your readers.
Ironically, I moved my checking accounts from B of A to a community bank in 1995. Ironically, that small bank got bought, which later got bought by B of A a few years ago and I moved once again to another small bank where I knew the executive management team.
Since I keep very little of my money in checking or at the bank, I want a bank that allows me to do that and still maintain no monthly fees for that checking account. Usually, the bigger banks require a much larger average balance in checking to maintain a free checking account.
The reader raises some good thoughts and questions:
Big Bank versus Community Bank
Generally speaking, small community banks do not have the ability to generate the volume needed in mortgaging lending, which is what it takes to be profitable in mortgage lending. Also, small banks have higher fixed costs as a percentage and can't afford to make low rate loans associated with mortgage lending.
You will typically see smaller banks avoid first mortgage lending in the residential world, and more typically will do commercial real estate, construction, business lending, and some home equity lines or business lines tied to some one's house. Those are the kinds of loans I underwrite for my bank, and we typically get an interest rate of 6% up to 8% in this current market. Small banks lend in this arena because they need that rate versus a 4-5% mortgage loan, which helps them with profitability because of their higher fixed costs.
So, a decline in the value of homes would have a more negative impact on mortgage lenders or the larger banks. A decline in commercial real estate values and/or an economic decline impacting small businesses would impact smaller banks.
That's a very simplictic over view of the difference in big versus community bank.
How Safe is Your Bank?
In the current environment, it really doesn't matter as long as your deposits are fully insured. The way it currently is working, when a bank is shut down by the FDIC, your insured deposits are simply moved to the new bank that takes over your relationship. The FDIC simply awards through a bid process the clients of a bank being closed to a healthy bank. Your insured deposits just move to the new bank.
The only concern one should have is in the event of a financial crisis and your bank fails and you can't get your money out while waiting for the FDIC to solve the situation. In this case, where you bank matters but only to an extent.
If we had such a crisis and the banking system collapsed and you had your money at a healthy bank, you won't be able to walk in and pull out your money. Bank's keep very little cash on hand because they have made loans with those deposits, so in a crisis, you can expect rationing of deposits with an eye dropper.
This is exactly why we keep mattress money. It's an absurd thought and strategy, but in such a case where the banking system had real problems, you won't be able to walk into your bank and take out all of your money, even if that bank survives. This is also the side benefit of owning some gold and silver and holding it yourself.
Mark to Market
Hell no. I have two thoughts in general.
First, it takes banks a long time to recognize a problem loan. I just went through the FDIC auditing my employer (bank) and they will force us to down grade a few business loans. That forces us to increase loan reserves against those loans. An increase in loan loss reserves is an increase in expenses, which lowers net income. So, from the profit and loss statement there's some motivation to find reasons why a loan shouldn't be down graded.
Second, and far more important is the lack of understanding or recognition of true collateral values. There are simply millions of mortgage loans and home equity lines that were underwritten in the recent past where the value of that home is less than what's owed the bank. And just because a borrower is making their payment on time, no one has to have that collateral re-assessed. The are millions of loan out there where banks have no idea what the true value of their collateral is and thus those loans are not Marked to Market for a potential loss!
Critical Mass
If we reach Critical Mass, the down draft in residential should spill into commercial, so we could see large losses across the board at most banks. Banks that are focused in geographic hots spots will lose the most. Banks with the weakest capital structure will go out of business.
Personally, I hope we don't get to Critical Mass, but there's a very good chance we do. Critical Mass could create a waterfall in values, something the economy and banking system just isn't ready for.
We can't even get the foreclosure process and nightmare under control now. Can you image if the number of home owners upside down went from the current 23% to say 40-45% and the number of people in foreclosure tripled or quadrupled?
It could easily create and be apart of another deflationary leg down, which makes sense because at the core of deflation is real estate deflation!
Too Big to Fail
This will never go away, no matter how much the Bobbleheads in Washington spin it. Why? Bank of America is 10% of the entire banking system. Citibank and Wells Fargo are pretty close, so there's no way we can get away from too big to fail unless we limit the size of any bank to 3% of the total market versus the current 10%. These big banks will always be too big to fail unless they are broken up! Therefore, we can expect Uncle Sam to stand behind them with tax payer funds.
Hope all is well.
J.D. Rosendahl, Rosey